Social Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Issue - Essay Example Centre for the Prevention of School Violence, North Carolina Department of juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention explain school violence as: School violence is any behaviour that violates school’s educational mission or climate of respect or jeopardizes the intent of the school to be free of aggression against persons or property, drugs, weapons, disruptions and disorder (2002). Signs that should ring an alarm / risk behaviours School violence are found to be linked with a number of behaviours and activities such as formation of gangs, threatening teachers or causing injury to them, students carrying weapons, physical fights, drug abuse or illegal consumption of alcohol, students being threatened or injured on school property, sexual assaults, robbery, bullying or cyber-bullying (verbal, mental or physical), vandalizing school property and skipping or dropping out of school. Facts about School Violence Key findings issued by a federal government report (2002) as well as facts given by CDC (2008-2010) say that such violent incidents are well planned and are rarely sudden or done upon impulse. Other people are aware of the idea / attack plan but fail to act upon the information prior to the incident and most attackers show behavioural indication (journal entries, threatening notes, verbal abuse / threats) prior to attack. Mostly attackers have access to weapons, have felt bullied or maltreated by others, have difficulty coping with a loss or failure, or have considered or attempted suicide. Most of the incidents have taken places around or at transition times such as lunch breaks or at the end or start of school. National level data source indicates that large middle and high schools are at more risk of serious violence, moreover, urban schools for minorities also report a high indication of an unlikely incident as compared to rural or suburban schools. Steps towards prevention of School Violence Prevention should start at the facility i.e. the schoo l by providing students with a healthy and safe environment to learn and engage in harmless extracurricular activities. Security system should be fool proof without giving students the image of a prison, with guards, counsellors, security cameras and metal detectors. Teachers and school staff (administration) should be trained and educated to detect and identify problems in a student or within a circumstance. Parents should be encouraged to get involved and groom their children during their crucial years. Acceptance & tolerance is the key to providing prevention to school violence, live and let live policy should be adopted and hammered into students instead of harnessing categorizations and distinctions, be it ethnic, personality, activities or preferences. Various education and support programs should be design with key physiologists to use theories and techniques to enhance tolerance, acceptance and involvement of a student and increase their compassion for life and society. Scho ol Violence and its Sociological Impact School violence negatively affects the students all over the world. It is not only violation of the rights of a child but acts as a significant barrier in achieving various international goals for improving communities and human life such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by United Nations and Education for all (EFA) objectives by UNESCO. This impacts the education (attendance, attainment and

Machiavelli and Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Machiavelli and Marx - Essay Example The realistic approach to the knowledge of past and contemporary political life and the principle of unity of theory and practice were defended by the younger contemporary of Leonardo da Vinci, a prominent historian and reformer of Science of the State Niccolo Machiavelli. He offered his own philosophy of history, or rather political history, by rejecting a theological providentialism. At the time when Italy was politically impotent, fragmented and lost its independence, Machiavelli suggested a new type of strong personality, self-confident, ideal leader. According to Machiavelli, it is a purposeful, violent man, with unbending will, possessing talent, intelligence, cunning and even treachery. All of the states (Machiavelli was the first to introduce the concept of the state. By this term he understood both the form of government and a territory) were divided into republics (the best forms of government), and the licenses (the worst type.) Machiavelli clearly revealed his republican beliefs in his last major work "The History of Florence†, which brought him fame of outstanding historian. Machiavelli's views on the historical process were inherent in the idea of cyclic recurrence, regular change of government forms. In his opinion, not abstract theoretical calculations, but the real historical experience reveals certain rules and principles of alternation of these forms. The monarchy, as he shows by many examples, is replaced by an oligarchy, oligarchy - by a republic, which, in turn, gives way to a one-man rule; â€Å"this is the series of state evolution† (Baron, 1961). The society struggle of contradictions, interests, conflicts of small and large groups is at the heart of this cyclic recurrence. Karl Marx is one of the founders of the materialist conception of history. His philosophical conception of society has much in common with that of Machiavelli. But, nonetheless, the period, separating these two ideologies, is impressive. So, The Marxist doctrine of the state includes both philosophical and sociological views. He believed that any state should eventually die off. This process is considered as absolutely unavoidable. The state is the result of division of society into antagonistic classes. â€Å"Classes are large groups of people with different interests, which differ in their relation to the means of production. With the emergence of the state a constant class struggle in society appears. The state is a product and manifestation of the intransigence of class antagonisms. The state arises where and when class antagonisms objectively can not be reconciled. In turn, the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat† (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2010). Machiavelli’s realism also had class character. But it expressed the sequence of requirements of the rising class, the revolutionary aspirations of the bourgeoisie. His ideal ruler is the most uncompromising and strong new alternative of the bourgeois system to the public and political feudalism. Machiavelli never assumed the existence of classless society (1998). Machiavelli was the first philosopher, who began talking about the economy of the state as a part of its prosperity. According to Marx, economic dominates the state. A confrontation within the state is led by two classes of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is the ruling class,